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Segregation was enforced across the U.S. for much of its history. Racial segregation follows two forms, De jure and De facto. De jure segregation mandated the separation of races by law, and was the form imposed by slave codes before the Civil War and by Black Codes and Jim Crow laws following the war.
These attempts to maintain segregation continue today, says Gurian, who is currently litigating a case against New York City over the way it allegedly perpetuates segregation in its housing ...
Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the races, and mandatory use of different institutions, such as schools and hospitals by people of different races.
Segregation reduced upward economic mobility. [65] White communities are more likely to have strict land use regulations (and whites are more likely to support those regulations). [66] [67] Strict land use regulations are an important driver of housing segregation along racial lines in the United States. [66]
The most important laws required that public schools, public places and public transportation, like trains and buses, have separate facilities for Whites and Blacks. State-sponsored school segregation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education.
While it has traditionally been associated with racial segregation, it generally refers to the separation of populations based on some criteria (e.g. race, ethnicity, income/class). [3] While overt segregation is illegal in the United States, housing patterns show significant and persistent segregation along racial and class lines.
De facto segregation continues today in areas such as residential segregation and school segregation because of both contemporary behavior and the historical legacy of de jure segregation. [165] Eradication of homelessness has also been a major problem in the United States. In 2010, 1,593,150 individuals experienced homelessness.
The most important laws required that public schools, public places, and public transportation, like trains and buses, have separate facilities for whites and Blacks. State-sponsored school segregation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education.