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A flow-based generative model is a generative model used in machine learning that explicitly models a probability distribution by leveraging normalizing flow, [1] [2] [3] which is a statistical method using the change-of-variable law of probabilities to transform a simple distribution into a complex one.
Generative adversarial network; Flow-based generative model; Energy based model; Diffusion model; If the observed data are truly sampled from the generative model, then fitting the parameters of the generative model to maximize the data likelihood is a common method.
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a class of artificial neural network commonly used for sequential data processing. Unlike feedforward neural networks, which process data in a single pass, RNNs process data across multiple time steps, making them well-adapted for modelling and processing text, speech, and time series.
Generative artificial intelligence (generative AI, GenAI, [1] or GAI) is a subset of artificial intelligence that uses generative models to produce text, images, videos, or other forms of data. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] These models learn the underlying patterns and structures of their training data and use them to produce new data [ 5 ] [ 6 ] based on ...
Gated recurrent units (GRUs) are a gating mechanism in recurrent neural networks, introduced in 2014 by Kyunghyun Cho et al. [1] The GRU is like a long short-term memory (LSTM) with a gating mechanism to input or forget certain features, [2] but lacks a context vector or output gate, resulting in fewer parameters than LSTM. [3]
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique that grants generative artificial intelligence models information retrieval capabilities. It modifies interactions with a large language model (LLM) so that the model responds to user queries with reference to a specified set of documents, using this information to augment information drawn from its own vast, static training data.
In theory, classic RNNs can keep track of arbitrary long-term dependencies in the input sequences. The problem with classic RNNs is computational (or practical) in nature: when training a classic RNN using back-propagation, the long-term gradients which are back-propagated can "vanish", meaning they can tend to zero due to very small numbers creeping into the computations, causing the model to ...
The first energy-based generative neural network is the generative ConvNet proposed in 2016 for image patterns, where the neural network is a convolutional neural network. [10] [11] The model has been generalized to various domains to learn distributions of videos, [7] [2] and 3D voxels. [12] They are made more effective in their variants.