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The Companies Act 2013 (No. 18 of 2013) is an Act of the Parliament of India which forms the primary source of Indian company law. It received presidential assent on 29 August 2013, and largely superseded the Companies Act 1956. The Act was brought into force in stages.
The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body in India that adjudicates issues relating to Indian companies. [1] The tribunal, established under the Companies Act 2013, was constituted on 1 June 2016 by the government of India and is based on the recommendation of the V. Balakrishna Eradi committee on law relating to the insolvency and the winding up of companies.
The 2013 Companies Act superseded the Companies Act of 1956, under whose provisions Indian corporations previously operated.In addition to the Companies Act, corporations are subject to other regulations administered by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), [1] which has two branches: the Regional Director (RD) and the Registrar of Companies (ROC).
Created in the year 1967 as a service to administer the Companies Act, 1956 as the Company Law Service, it was renamed as Indian Company Law Service in the year 2002. The service functioned under Ministry of Finance (Department of Company Affairs) till 2004, after which an independent ministry by the name Ministry of Corporate Affairs was created to administer the Corporate Sector in India.
The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) is a tribunal which was formed by the Central Government of India under Section 410 of the Companies Act, 2013.The NCLAT was formed as a body with an appellate jurisdiction at the same time when NCLT was established as a major reform as per powers granted to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in India.
In August 2013, The Companies Act, 2013 was passed to regulate corporations by increasing responsibilities of corporate executives and is intended to avoid the accounting scandals such as the Satyam scandal which have plagued India. [2] It replaces The Companies Act, 1956 which has proven outmoded in terms of handling 21st century problems. [3]
As per Section 2(51) of the Companies Act 2013, Company Secretaries are a company's Key Managerial Personnel (KMP). [5] Other KMPs in a company include the Chief Executive Officer, the managing director, the Whole-time Director, the Chief Financial Officer, and such other officers designated by the Board as KMP but are not more than one level below the directors in whole-time employment. [5]
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