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The geology of Norway encompasses the history of Earth that can be interpreted by rock types found in Norway, and the associated sedimentological history of soils and rock types. The Norwegian mountains were formed around 400 million years ago (Ma) during the Caledonian orogeny .
The Sveconorwegian orogeny was an orogenic system active 1140 to 960 million years ago and currently exposed as the Sveconorwegian orogenic belt in southwestern Sweden and southern Norway. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In Norway the orogenic belt is exposed southeast of the front of the Caledonian nappe system and in nappe windows . [ 3 ]
The Gudbrandsdalen valley includes the most arid area in Norway. At Skjåk the average annual precipitation is only 278 millimetres (10.9 in). [12] The valley sits in the rain shadow of the mountains west (including Jotunheimen), north, and east of the valley. [13] The valley is less incised than the valleys of western Norway. [14]
Much of the paleic surface in southern Norway was at sea level or below during the Miocene. [6] In the Early Pliocene (5–4 million years ago) the surfaces such as Hardangervidda were uplifted by tectonic forces 1.2 km. [6] The peneplain surfaces of the paleic surface are apparently disrupted by vertical displacement along faults, following an NNE-SSW orientation.
Hardangervidda (English: Hardanger Plateau) [1] [2] [3] is a mountain plateau (Norwegian: vidde) in central southern Norway, covering parts of Vestland, Telemark, and Buskerud counties. It is the largest plateau of its kind in Europe , with a cold year-round alpine climate , and one of Norway's largest glaciers , Hardangerjøkulen , is situated ...
Vassfaret is a forested mountain valley in southern Norway. The valley is located on the border of the municipalities of Flå, Nesbyen, and Ringerike in Buskerud county and Sør-Aurdal Municipality in Innlandet county.
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