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Laminated glass fails due to the cohesive failure of the interlayer and/or the connectivity between the panel and interlayer. [27] The failure of the interlayer can occur when the interlayer material is ductile (at room temperature), or brittle and stiff (when working below the glass transition temperature).
Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin mostly used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, toughness and flexibility. It is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde.
The interlayer can also give the glass a higher sound insulation rating. There are several types of laminated glasses manufactured using different types of glass and interlayers which produce different results when broken. Laminated glass that is made up of annealed glass is normally used when safety is a concern, but tempering is not an option ...
Solutia was known as the world's leading manufacturer of PVB, EVA, and TPU interlayers, custom-coated window and performance films, and chemicals for the rubber industry. [3] In 2009, the company completed the sale of its nylon division, with closure of the sale in the second quarter 2009. [ 4 ]
Wood-plastic composite. Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are composite materials made of wood fiber/wood flour and thermoplastic(s) such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polylactic acid (PLA). In addition to wood fiber and plastic, WPCs can also contain other ligno-cellulosic and/or inorganic filler materials.
PMMA is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Hesalite, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex, among several others . This plastic is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass .
Low-iron, or water white glass, is made using special iron free silica, and is generally only available in 2.0 millimetres (0.079 in) thicknesses for picture framing applications. Because low iron glass light absorption can be as low as 0.5%, compared to about 2% for clear glass, the light transmission will be better than clear glass. Low iron ...
Panoramic (wrap-around) windshield on a 1959 Edsel Corsair. The windshield (American English and Canadian English) or windscreen (Commonwealth English) of an aircraft, car, bus, motorbike, truck, train, boat or streetcar is the front window, which provides visibility while protecting occupants from the elements.