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The Jiajing wokou raids caused extensive damage to the coast of China in the 16th century, during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–67) in the Ming dynasty.The term "wokou" originally referred to Japanese pirates who crossed the sea and raided Korea and China; however, by the mid-Ming, the wokou consisted of multinational crewmen that included the Japanese and the Portuguese, but a ...
The pirates were called wokou ("Japanese pirates") and the raids become known as the Jiajing wokou raids. The wokou attacks started as swift raids on coastal settlements to obtain provisions and goods for trade, then returned to their ships and left. Eventually, the situation escalated to the point where a pirate raid could number hundreds of ...
Wokou activity in Korea declined after the Treaty of Gyehae in 1443 [1] but continued in Ming China and peaked during the Jiajing wokou raids in the mid-16th century. Chinese reprisals and strong clamp-downs on pirates by Japanese authorities saw the wokou disappear by the 17th century.
Jiajing wokou raids Hu Zongxian ( Chinese : 胡宗憲 ; November 4, 1512 [ 1 ] – November 25, 1565 [ 2 ] ), courtesy name Ruzhen ( 汝貞 ) and art name Meilin ( 梅林 ), was a Chinese general and politician of the Ming dynasty who presided over the government's response to the wokou pirate raids during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor .
Jiajing wokou raids: A censor reports that piracy on the southeast coast is out of control. [245] 1548: February: Jiajing wokou raids: Pirates raid Ningbo and Taizhou. [245] April: Jiajing wokou raids: Ming forces attack Shuangyu but many of the ships in the harbor escape. [245] June: Mongols defeat Ming forces at Xuanfu. [246] October: Mongols ...
Zhu Wan was born in Changzhou (長洲), now a part of Suzhou, to the schoolteacher Zhu Ang (朱昂) and his concubine surnamed Shi (施).Throughout his upbringing, Zhu Wan and his mother were subject to various abuse by his father's principal wife and his half-brothers.
The wokou abandoned the ships and swam away, with some drowning due to the weight of their armor. [12] The Spanish had suffered their first casualties, among them the galley's captain Pedro Lucas. [12] The flotilla continued down the Cagayán River, finding a fleet of eighteen sampans and a Wokou fort erected inland. The Spanish fleet forced ...
Lu Tang (c. 1520 – c. 1570), [1] courtesy name Ziming, was an army officer of the Ming dynasty in China. He participated in the suppression of the Jiajing wokou raids from 1547 to 1562, during which he fought the Portuguese smugglers who settled in pirate havens on the outlying islands of the Chinese coast.