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Treponema denticola is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, motile and highly proteolytic spirochete bacterium. It is one of four species of oral spirochetes to be reliably cultured, the others being Treponema pectinovorum, Treponema socranskii and Treponema vincentii [ 2 ] .
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
Periodontal disease typically arises from the development of plaque biofilm, which harbors harmful bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. These bacteria infect the gum tissue surrounding the teeth, leading to inflammation and, if left untreated, progressive damage to the teeth and gum tissue. [9]
If improperly treated necrotizing may become chronic and/or recurrent. In developed countries, necrotizing gingivitis occurs mostly in young adults with predisposing factors such as psychological stress, sleep deprivation, poor oral hygiene, smoking, immunosuppression and/or malnutrition. In developing countries, necrotizing gingivitis occurs ...
Generally all gingival diseases share common features such as signs and symptoms being restricted to gingiva, clinically detectable inflammation, and the potential for the gum tissues to return to a state of health once the cause is removed, without irreversible loss of attachment of the teeth. [4]
Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta. [2] Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits. [3]
There has yet to be much research into the effects of LDA in AgP, but current studies report an insignificant difference to the adjunctive effect of systemic antibiotics. [ 46 ] Periodontal surgery: If it is a localised problem and if the case is non-response to non-surgical treatment despite the oral hygiene being consistently excellent.
The red complex is a group of bacteria that are categorized together based on their association with severe forms of periodontal disease. [1] The red complex—among a number of other complexes—were classified by Sigmund Socransky in 1998.