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Various plants are used around the world for smoking due to various chemical compounds they contain and the effects of these chemicals on the human body. This list contains plants that are smoked, rather than those that are used in the process of smoking or in the preparation of the substance.
Many of these plants are used intentionally as psychoactive drugs, for medicinal, religious, and/or recreational purposes. Some have been used ritually as entheogens for millennia. [1] [2] The plants are listed according to the specific psychoactive chemical substances they contain; many contain multiple known psychoactive compounds.
Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples: Cannabis: cannabinoids; Tobacco: nicotine, anabasine, and other Nicotinic agonists, as well as beta-carboline alkaloids
The flowers of Cannabis sativa plants are most often either male or female, but, only plants displaying female pistils can be or turn hermaphrodite. Males can never become hermaphrodites. [3] It is a short-day flowering plant, with staminate (male) plants usually taller and less robust than pistillate (female or male) plants.
Cannabis plants produce a unique family of terpeno-phenolic compounds called cannabinoids, some of which produce the "high" which may be experienced from consuming marijuana. There are 483 identifiable chemical constituents known to exist in the cannabis plant, [ 53 ] and at least 85 different cannabinoids have been isolated from the plant. [ 54 ]
An edible seed [n 1] is a seed that is suitable for human or animal consumption. Of the six major plant parts, [n 2] seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. [1] A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds; most are angiosperms, while a few are gymnosperms.
The sweet flag can be distinguished from iris and other similar plants by the crimped edges of the leaves, the fragrant odor it emits when crushed, and the presence of a spadix. [5] [6] Only plants that grow in water bear flowers. The fruit is a berry filled with mucus, which when ripe falls into the water and disperses by floating.
In the fruit-ripening stage, a 4–13 cm (2–5 in) long, 1–2 cm (3 ⁄ 8 – 3 ⁄ 4 in) wide, unwinged, leguminous fruit develops. There is a ridge along its length and the husk is covered in loose, orange hairs that cause a severe itch if they contact skin. [4] [5] The pods carry up to seven seeds, which are shiny black or brown drift seeds.