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The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy (Spanish: Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz (Spanish: Constitución de Cádiz) and as La Pepa, [1] was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest codified constitutions in world history. [2]
In Spain, where the Hispanic-American wars of independence and the overall situation in Spanish America were followed with great anticipation by both the government and the Cortes, as well as the general public, [89] [90] there was widespread belief that the proclamation of the 1812 Constitution would end the insurrections and independence ...
Although signed by Spanish aristocrats and the new monarch, few in Spain recognized this document. With the eruption of the Peninsular War to oust the French invaders. A new Cortes was summoned and met at Cádiz, which included Spanish American and Philippine delegates, and promulgated the Spanish Constitution of 1812.
The monarchy of Spain or Spanish monarchy (Spanish: Monarquía Española) is the constitutional form of government of Spain. It consists of a hereditary monarch who reigns as the head of state, being the highest office of the country. [1] The current King is Felipe VI since 19 June 2014, after the abdication of his father, King Juan Carlos I.
Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was divided between the 1812 constitution's liberal principles and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced ...
The Cortes of Cádiz was seen then, and by historians today, as a major step towards liberalism and democracy in the history of Spain and Spanish America. The liberal Cortes drafted and ratified the Spanish Constitution of 1812, which established a constitutional monarchy and eliminated many institutions that privileged some groups over others. [5]
From 12 August until 2 November 1812 whilst the Anglo-Portuguese Army occupied his capital - Madrid. Joseph I left Madrid in May 1813 for the last time, and later Spain in June 1813, following the French defeat in Battle of Vitoria, ending the failed stage of enlightened absolutism. Most of Joseph I's supporters (about 10,000 and 12,000) fled ...
The Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España) entered a new era with the death of Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg monarch, who died childless in 1700. The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between proponents of a Bourbon prince, Philip of Anjou, and the Austrian Habsburg claimant, Archduke Charles.