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n/a Ensembl ENSG00000181143 n/a UniProt Q8WXI7 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_024690 NM_001401501 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_078966 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 8.85 – 8.98 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Mucin-16 (MUC-16) also known as Ovarian cancer-related tumor marker CA125 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC16 gene. MUC-16 is a member of the mucin family glycoproteins ...
No screening test is wholly specific, and a high level of tumor marker can still be found in benign tumors. The only tumor marker currently used in screening is PSA (prostate-specific antigen). Diagnostics; Tumor markers alone can't be used for diagnostic purposes, due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. [4]
CA-125 levels are not accurate in early stage ovarian cancer, as half of stage I ovarian cancer patients have a normal CA-125 level. [ 31 ] [ 29 ] CA-125 may also be elevated in benign (non-cancerous) conditions, including endometriosis , pregnancy , uterine fibroids , menstruation , ovarian cysts , systemic lupus erythematosus , liver disease ...
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a type of tumour that arises from the serous epithelial layer in the abdominopelvic cavity and is mainly found in the ovary. HGSCs make up the majority of ovarian cancer cases [ 1 ] and have the lowest survival rates. [ 2 ]
The presence of an ovarian fibroma can cause ovarian torsion in some cases. Diagnosis ... In a series of 16 patients, 5 (28%) showed elevated levels of CA-125. [1]
PTHrP acts similarly to parathyroid hormone in that it binds to the parathyroid hormone 1 receptors on the kidneys and bones and causes an increased tubular reabsorption of calcium and activation of osteoclast activity, respectively. [22] Osteoclasts are a type of bone cell which cause bone resorption, releasing calcium into the bloodstream.
CA19-9 can be elevated in many types of gastrointestinal cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. [1] Apart from cancer, elevated levels may occur in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, [1] and diseases of the bile ducts. [1] [3] It can also be elevated in people with obstruction of the bile ducts. [3]
Elevated CEA levels should return to normal after successful surgical removal of the tumor and can be used in follow up, especially of colorectal cancers. [15] CEA elevation is known to be affected by multiple factors. It varies inversely with tumor grade; well-differentiated tumors secrete more CEA.