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In number theory, Fermat's Last Theorem (sometimes called Fermat's conjecture, especially in older texts) states that no three positive integers a, b, and c satisfy the equation a n + b n = c n for any integer value of n greater than 2. The cases n = 1 and n = 2 have been known since antiquity to have infinitely many solutions. [1]
The limit of a sequence of powers of a number greater than one diverges; in other words, the sequence grows without bound: b n → ∞ as n → ∞ when b > 1. This can be read as "b to the power of n tends to +∞ as n tends to infinity when b is greater than one". Powers of a number with absolute value less than one tend to zero: b n → 0 as ...
In mathematics, the double factorial of a number n, denoted by n‼, is the product of all the positive integers up to n that have the same parity (odd or even) as n. [1] That is, n ! ! = ∏ k = 0 ⌈ n 2 ⌉ − 1 ( n − 2 k ) = n ( n − 2 ) ( n − 4 ) ⋯ . {\displaystyle n!!=\prod _{k=0}^{\left\lceil {\frac {n}{2}}\right\rceil -1}(n-2k ...
Fermat's Last Theorem states that no three positive integers (a, b, c) can satisfy the equation a n + b n = c n for any integer value of n greater than 2. (For n equal to 1, the equation is a linear equation and has a solution for every possible a and b. For n equal to 2, the equation has infinitely many solutions, the Pythagorean triples.)
The concepts of successor, addition, multiplication and exponentiation are all hyperoperations; the successor operation (producing x + 1 from x) is the most primitive, the addition operator specifies the number of times 1 is to be added to itself to produce a final value, multiplication specifies the number of times a number is to be added to ...
Rather than storing values as a fixed number of bits related to the size of the processor register, these implementations typically use variable-length arrays of digits. Arbitrary precision is used in applications where the speed of arithmetic is not a limiting factor, or where precise results with very large numbers are required.
An n-sided regular polygon can be constructed with compass and straightedge if and only if n is either a power of 2 or the product of a power of 2 and distinct Fermat primes: in other words, if and only if n is of the form n = 2 k or n = 2 k p 1 p 2...p s, where k, s are nonnegative integers and the p i are distinct Fermat primes.
The product of all primes up to is an ()-bit number, by the prime number theorem, so the time for the first step is (), with one logarithm coming from the divide and conquer and another coming from the multiplication algorithm.