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In computer vision, the bag-of-words model (BoW model) sometimes called bag-of-visual-words model [1] [2] can be applied to image classification or retrieval, by treating image features as words. In document classification , a bag of words is a sparse vector of occurrence counts of words; that is, a sparse histogram over the vocabulary.
ImageJ is a Java-based image processing program developed at the National Institutes of Health and the Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation (LOCI, University of Wisconsin). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Its first version, ImageJ 1.x, is developed in the public domain , while ImageJ2 and the related projects SciJava , ImgLib2 , and SCIFIO are ...
The equation for Katz's back-off model is: [2] (+) = {+ (+) (+) (+) > + (+)where C(x) = number of times x appears in training w i = ith word in the given context. Essentially, this means that if the n-gram has been seen more than k times in training, the conditional probability of a word given its history is proportional to the maximum likelihood estimate of that n-gram.
As applied in the field of computer vision, graph cut optimization can be employed to efficiently solve a wide variety of low-level computer vision problems (early vision [1]), such as image smoothing, the stereo correspondence problem, image segmentation, object co-segmentation, and many other computer vision problems that can be formulated in terms of energy minimization.
The word problem for an algebra is then to determine, given two expressions (words) involving the generators and operations, whether they represent the same element of the algebra modulo the identities. The word problems for groups and semigroups can be phrased as word problems for algebras. [1]
A device that makes permanent human readable images and text from computer data. process control The field of study of automatic control of processes. programmable logic controller A computer system designed to be rugged enough for industrial use and with a programming environment highly tuned to the domain of industrial control problems.
Exponential backoff is an algorithm that uses feedback to multiplicatively decrease the rate of some process, in order to gradually find an acceptable rate.
Word2vec is a technique in natural language processing (NLP) for obtaining vector representations of words. These vectors capture information about the meaning of the word based on the surrounding words.