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A meatless salad may be referred to as a salad-salad, as opposed to a tuna salad.. Contrastive focus reduplication, [1] also called contrastive reduplication, [1] identical constituent compounding, [2] [3] lexical cloning, [4] [5] or the double construction, is a type of syntactic reduplication found in some languages.
Lexical tokenization is the conversion of a raw text into (semantically or syntactically) meaningful lexical tokens, belonging to categories defined by a "lexer" program, such as identifiers, operators, grouping symbols, and data types. The resulting tokens are then passed on to some other form of processing.
The term was first used in the semantic literature in 1988 by Marc Moens and Mark Steedman, who adopted it due to its "loose analogy with type-coercion in programming languages.” [3] In his written framework of the generative lexicon (a formal compositional approach to lexical semantics), Pustejovsky (1995:111) defines coercion as "a semantic ...
In this example by Cecchetto (2015), the verb "read" unambiguously labels the structure because "read" is a word, which means it is a probe by definition, in which "read" selects "the book". the bigger constituent generated by merging the word with the syntactic objects receives the label of the word itself, which allow us to label the tree as ...
Under the projection principle, the properties of lexical items must be preserved while generating the phrase structure of a sentence. The principle, as formulated by Chomsky in Knowledge of Language: Its Nature, Origin and Use (1986), states that "lexical structure must be represented categorically at every syntactic level" (Chomsky 1986: 84).
The semantic gap characterizes the difference between two descriptions of an object by different linguistic representations, for instance languages or symbols. According to Andreas M. Hein, the semantic gap can be defined as "the difference in meaning between constructs formed within different representation systems". [1]
In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis.Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [1]
Parse tree of Python code with inset tokenization. The syntax of textual programming languages is usually defined using a combination of regular expressions (for lexical structure) and Backus–Naur form (a metalanguage for grammatical structure) to inductively specify syntactic categories (nonterminal) and terminal symbols. [7]