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Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. [3] It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold , extreme fatigue, muscle aches , constipation , slow heart rate , depression , and ...
Euthyroidism: Normal thyroid function; Hypothyroidism: Reduced thyroid function primary hypothyroidism: Feedback loop interrupted by low thyroid secretory capacity, e.g. after thyroid surgery or in case of autoimmune thyroiditis; secondary hypothyroidism: Feedback loop interrupted on the level of pituitary, e.g. in anterior pituitary failure
Lupus, formally called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. [1] Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. [1]
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that more than 200,000 people in the U.S. have lupus, though the Lupus Foundation of America puts the total much higher: roughly 1.5 ...
[43] [44] [45] Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene are commonly found in people with autoimmune diseases, giving one potential mechanism for vitamin D's role in autoimmunity. [43] [44] There is mixed evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in type 1 diabetes, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. [43] [44] [45] Omega-3 Fatty Acids
For example, a 2022 research review of 13 studies assessing the relationship between influenza immunizations and subsequent lupus flares found that anywhere from zero to 43% of lupus patients ...
Although primary thyroid B-cell lymphoma affects fewer than one in 1000 persons, it is more likely to affect those with long-standing autoimmune thyroiditis, [111] as there is a 67- to 80-fold increased risk of developing primary thyroid lymphoma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
More than 24 million Americans, by some estimates up to 50 million, have an autoimmune disorder — diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and dozens more.