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Pancreatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. [1] The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and a number of hormones. [1] There are two main types, acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. [1] Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, and ...
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.
Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas that alters the organ's normal structure and functions. [1] It can present as episodes of acute inflammation in a previously injured pancreas, or as chronic damage with persistent pain or malabsorption.
Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare cause of hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract.It is caused by a bleeding source in the pancreas, pancreatic duct, or structures adjacent to the pancreas, such as the splenic artery, that bleed into the pancreatic duct, which is connected with the bowel at the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas.EPI can occur in humans and is prevalent in many conditions [1] such as cystic fibrosis, [2] Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, [3] different types of pancreatitis, [4] multiple types of diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes), [5] advanced ...
The Ranson criteria form a clinical prediction rule for predicting the prognosis and mortality risk of acute pancreatitis. They were introduced in 1974 by the English-American pancreatic expert and surgeon Dr. John Ranson (1938–1995). [1]
Other rarer diseases affecting the pancreas may include pancreatic pseudocysts, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and pancreatic fistulas. [5]: 888–891 Pancreatic disease may present with or without symptoms. When symptoms occur, such as in acute pancreatitis, a person may experience acute-onset, severe mid-abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.
Treatment strategies should focus on identifying and correcting the root causes, where possible, resolving nutritional deficiencies, and administering antibiotics. This is especially important for patients with indigestion and malabsorption. [4] Although whether antibiotics should be a first line treatment is a matter of debate.