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The need for NextGen became apparent during the summer of 2000 when air travel was impeded by severe congestion and costly delays. Two years later, the Commission on the Future of the U.S. Aerospace Industry recommended that a multiagency task force develop an integrated plan to transform the U.S. air transportation system.
A FedEx Express Boeing 777F taxiing at Narita International Airport in Tokyo, Japan in 2012 A Volga-Dnepr Airlines An-124 cargo aircraft ready for loading in 2008 Global air transport by country and freight level as of 2017 (ton-km) [1] Air cargo is any property carried or to be carried in an aircraft.
All civil turbine-powered transport aircraft with more than 19 passenger seats (or MTOM above 5,700 kg) [53] ACAS II (Effectively TCAS II Version 7.1) 1 March 2012 Australia All commercial turbine-powered transport aircraft with more than 30 passenger seats (or MTOM above 15,000 kg) [54] TCAS II 1 January 2000
Civil aviation includes three major categories: Commercial air transport, including scheduled and non-scheduled passenger and cargo flights; Aerial work, in which an aircraft is used for specialized services such as agriculture, photography, surveying, search and rescue, etc.
The main controls allow the pilot to direct the aircraft in the air by controlling the attitude (roll, pitch and yaw) and engine thrust. On manned aircraft, cockpit instruments provide information to the pilots, including flight data , engine output , navigation, communications and other aircraft systems that may be installed.
Rigid airships became the first aircraft to transport passengers and cargo over great distances. The best known aircraft of this type were manufactured by the German Zeppelin company. The most successful Zeppelin was the Graf Zeppelin. It flew over one million miles, including an around-the-world flight in August 1929.
A "glass" cockpit refers to the use of computer monitors instead of gauges and other analog displays. Aircraft were getting progressively more displays, dials and information dashboards that eventually competed for space and pilot attention. In the 1970s, the average aircraft had more than 100 cockpit instruments and controls. [11]
After September 11, 2001, the majority of airports around the world began to implement baggage screening directly into baggage handling systems.These systems are referred to as "Checked Baggage Inspection System" by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) in the US, where bags are fed directly into Explosive Detection System (EDS) machines. [5]