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Land cover is the physical material at the land surface of Earth. Land covers include flora , concrete , built structures, bare ground, and temporary water . Earth cover is the expression used by ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has its closest modern equivalent being vegetation .
A supervised classification is a system of classification in which the user builds a series of randomly generated training datasets or spectral signatures representing different land-use and land-cover (LULC) classes and applies these datasets in machine learning models to predict and spatially classify LULC patterns and evaluate classification accuracies.
The USGS Gap Analysis Program maintains four primary data sets: land cover, protected areas, species and aquatic. The GAP Land Cover Data Set is the most complete map ever produced of vegetative associations for the US. Classified into 551 ecological systems, and 32 modified ecological systems (where human impacts have had an effect).
Change detection often involves comparing aerial photographs or satellite imagery of the area taken at different times. Change detection has been widely used to assess shifting cultivation, deforestation , urban growth, impact of natural disasters like tsunamis, earthquakes, and use/land cover changes etc. [ 1 ]
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Coverage Service (WCS) Interface Standard defines a web-based interface for the retrieval of coverages—that is, digital geospatial information representing space/time-varying phenomena.
For example, deforestation (the systematic and permanent conversion of previously forested land for other uses) has historically been a primary facilitator of land use and land cover change. [10] [11] The study of land change relies on the synthesis of a wide range of data and a diverse range of data collection methods. [12]
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