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The most popular variant, 1000BASE-T, is defined by the IEEE 802.3ab standard. It came into use in 1999, ... Toggle the table of contents. Gigabit Ethernet.
The table below shows values for PC memory module types. These modules usually combine multiple chips on one circuit board. SIMM modules connect to the computer via an 8-bit- or 32-bit-wide interface. RIMM modules used by RDRAM are 16-bit- or 32-bit-wide. [49] DIMM modules connect to the computer via a 64-bit-wide interface.
120 Ω informative annex for 10BASE-T 802.3u: 1995-06 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T4, 100BASE-FX Fast Ethernet at 100 Mbit/s (12.5 MB/s) with autonegotiation: 802.3v 1995-12 150 Ω informative annex for 10BASE-T 802.3x: 1997-03 Full duplex and flow control; also incorporates DIX framing, so there's no longer a DIX/802.3 split 802.3y: 1997-03
10BASE5, 10BASE2, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, 10GBASE-R: Maximum distance 100 m (328 ft) over twisted pair, up to 100 km over optical fiber Mode of operation optical, differential (balanced), single-ended Maximum bit rate 1 Mbit/s to 800 Gbit/s: Voltage levels ± 2.5 V (over twisted pair) Common connector types 8P8C, LC, SC, ST, MPO
1000BASE-T uses all four pairs bi-directionally using hybrid circuits and cancellers. [16] Data is encoded using 4D-PAM5; four dimensions using pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) with five voltages , −2 V, −1 V, 0 V, +1 V, and +2 V. [ 17 ] While +2 V to −2 V may appear at the pins of the line driver, the voltage on the cable is nominally +1 ...
The cable standard prescribes performance parameters for frequencies up to 100 MHz and is suitable for 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet), 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet), and 2.5GBASE-T. 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX Ethernet connections require two wire pairs. 1000BASE-T and faster Ethernet connections require four wire pairs.
The mapping of the original bits to the symbol codes is not constant in time and has a fairly large period (appearing as a pseudo-random sequence). The final mapping from symbols to PAM-5 line modulation levels obeys the table on the right. 100BASE-T2 was not widely adopted but the technology developed for it is used in 1000BASE-T. [5]
1000BASE-X for fiber and 150 Ω balanced copper (twinaxial) uses 8b/10b encoding with a symbol rate of 1.25 GBd. [4]1000BASE-T for twisted pair copper splits the data into four lanes and uses four-dimensional, five-level (quinary) trellis modulation with PAM-5 and a symbol rate of 125 MBd.