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ASTM method D4007 [2] or API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards chapter 10.4 [3] are commonly used to measure BS&W. These methods both consist of mixing equal volumes of solvent and crude oil then centrifuging in order to separate any solids, free water, or suspended particles.
Crude oil is classified as light, medium, or heavy according to its measured API gravity. Light crude oil has an API gravity higher than 31.1° (i.e., less than 870 kg/m 3) Medium oil has an API gravity between 22.3 and 31.1° (i.e., 870 to 920 kg/m 3) Heavy crude oil has an API gravity below 22.3° (i.e., 920 to 1000 kg/m 3)
There are however standards in place for fiscal automatic sampling of crude oil namely API 8.2 and ISO 3171. [1] Water cut meters are typically used in the petroleum industry to measure the water cut of oil flowing from a well, produced oil from a separator, crude oil transfer in pipelines and in loading tankers. There are several technologies ...
The total acid number (TAN) is a measurement of acidity that is determined by the amount of potassium hydroxide in milligrams that is needed to neutralize the acids in one gram of oil. [1] It is an important quality measurement of crude oil. The TAN value indicates to the crude oil refinery the potential of corrosion problems.
Tracers are used in the oil industry in order to qualitatively or quantitatively gauge how fluid flows through the reservoir, [1] as well as being a useful tool for estimating residual oil saturation. Tracers can be used in either interwell tests or single well tests. [2]
No two crude oil types are identical and there are crucial differences in crude oil quality. The results of crude oil assay testing provide extensive detailed hydrocarbon analysis data for refiners, oil traders and producers. Assay data help refineries determine if a crude oil feedstock is compatible for a particular petroleum refinery or if ...
A processing plant splits crude oil into three fractions. Metering stations on the export point satisfy requirements for custody transfer , measuring instrument for flare gas is a fiscal measurement if subject to taxation, it depends on regulatory requirements.
OCTG – oil country tubular goods (oil well casing, tubing, and drill pipe) [23] OD – outer diameter (of a tubular component such as casing [citation needed]) ODT – oil down to; OFE – oil field equipment; OFST – offset vertical seismic profile; OEM – original equipment manufacturer; OFIC – offshore interim completion certificate