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A lock-free data structure can be used to improve performance. A lock-free data structure increases the amount of time spent in parallel execution rather than serial execution, improving performance on a multi-core processor, because access to the shared data structure does not need to be serialized to stay coherent. [4]
Two-handed emulation: how to build non-blocking implementations of complex data-structures using DCAS, Michael Greewald; Highly-Concurrent Multi-word Synchronization, Hagit Attiya, Eshcar Hillel; Lock-free deques and doubly linked lists, Håkan Sundell, Philippas Tsigas
Any lock-free data structure that uses the compare-and-swap primitive must deal with the ABA problem. For example, in a lock-free stack represented as an intrusively linked list, one thread may be attempting to pop an item from the front of the stack (A → B → C).
RCU is perhaps the most common non-blocking algorithm for a shared data structure. RCU is completely wait-free for any number of readers. Single-writer implementations RCU are also lock-free for the writer. [5] Some multi-writer implementations of RCU are lock-free. [6] Other multi-writer implementations of RCU serialize writers with a lock. [7]
Java provides the keyword synchronized to lock code blocks, methods or objects [11] and libraries featuring concurrency-safe data structures. Objective-C provides the keyword @synchronized [ 12 ] to put locks on blocks of code and also provides the classes NSLock, [ 13 ] NSRecursiveLock, [ 14 ] and NSConditionLock [ 15 ] along with the ...
This is a breakthrough in concurrent data-structure design, since existing concurrent data-structures do not support snapshots. The snapshot operation allows implementing lock-free, linearizable iterator, size and clear operations - existing concurrent data-structures have implementations which either use global locks or are correct only given ...
MemSQL uses lock-free skip lists as its prime indexing structure for its database technology. MuQSS, for the Linux kernel, is a CPU scheduler built on skip lists. [10] [11] Cyrus IMAP server offers a "skiplist" backend DB implementation [12] Lucene uses skip lists to search delta-encoded posting lists in logarithmic time. [citation needed]
A common case of the ABA problem is encountered when implementing a lock-free data structure. If an item is removed from the list, deleted, and then a new item is allocated and added to the list, it is common for the allocated object to be at the same location as the deleted object due to MRU memory allocation. A pointer to the new item is thus ...