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Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger's syndrome is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension [1] [2] and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.
Ventricular septal defect is usually symptomless at birth. It usually manifests a few weeks after birth. [citation needed] VSD is an acyanotic congenital heart defect, aka a left-to-right shunt, so there are no signs of cyanosis in the early stage. However, an uncorrected VSD can increase pulmonary resistance leading to the reversal of the ...
Heart sounds of a ventricular septal defect patient. The condition consists of atresia affecting the pulmonary valve and a hypoplastic right ventricular outflow tract. The ventricular septal defect doesn't impede the in and outflowing of blood in the ventricular septum, which helps it form during fetal life. [3] [5]
A VSD can cause a left-to-right shunt of blood flow in the heart and is one of the most common of the congenital heart defects. This type of shunt is an acyanotic disorder that can result in ventricular hypertrophy. [4] The alignment of interventricular septum and interatrial septum is disturbed in various congenital heart diseases. [5]
Approximately 40-80 percent of patients with VACTERL association have been reported to have congenital heart disease. [5] The most common heart defects seen with VACTERL association are ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defects and tetralogy of Fallot. Less common defects are truncus arteriosus and transposition of the great arteries.
Tricuspid atresia is a form of congenital heart disease whereby there is a complete absence of the tricuspid valve. [2] Therefore, there is an absence of right atrioventricular connection. [2] This leads to a hypoplastic (undersized) or absent right ventricle. This defect occurs during prenatal development, when the heart does not finish ...
A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth. [7] A congenital heart defect is classed as a cardiovascular disease. [10]
Taussig–Bing syndrome is a cyanotic congenital heart defect [1] in which the patient has both double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and subpulmonic ventricular septal defect (VSD). [ 2 ]