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The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2] = Given an atmospheric pollutant concentration at an atmospheric pressure of 1 atmosphere (i.e., at sea level altitude), the concentration at other altitudes can be obtained from this equation:
When the moisture content remains constant and temperature increases, relative humidity decreases, but the dew point remains constant. [10] General aviation pilots use dew point data to calculate the likelihood of carburetor icing and fog, and to estimate the height of a cumuliform cloud base. Increasing the barometric pressure raises the dew ...
The Gaussian air pollutant dispersion equation (discussed above) requires the input of H which is the pollutant plume's centerline height above ground level—and H is the sum of H s (the actual physical height of the pollutant plume's emission source point) plus ΔH (the plume rise due to the plume's buoyancy).
The Arden Buck equations are a group of empirical correlations that relate the saturation vapor pressure to temperature for moist air. The curve fits have been optimized for more accuracy than the Goff–Gratch equation in the range −80 to 50 °C (−112 to 122 °F).
The dew point depression (T-Td) is the difference between the temperature and dew point temperature at a certain height in the atmosphere. A lower dew point depression indicates that the air is more moist at a given temperature.
log refers to the logarithm in base 10 e * is the saturation water vapor pressure T is the absolute air temperature in kelvins T st is the steam-point (i.e. boiling point at 1 atm.) temperature (373.15 K) e * st is e * at the steam-point pressure (1 atm = 1013.25 hPa) Similarly, the correlation for the saturation water vapor pressure over ice is:
A psychrometric chart is a graph of the thermodynamic parameters of moist air at a constant pressure, often equated to an elevation relative to sea level. The ASHRAE-style psychrometric chart, shown here, was pioneered by Willis Carrier in 1904. [10] It depicts these parameters and is thus a graphical equation of state. The parameters are:
The red line is temperature, the green line is the dew point, and the black line is the air parcel lifted. In meteorology , convective available potential energy (commonly abbreviated as CAPE ), [ 1 ] is a measure of the capacity of the atmosphere to support upward air movement that can lead to cloud formation and storms.