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This often causes problems if a gravel road is paved without adding sand and gravel sized stone to dilute the percentage of fines. [6] A gravel road is quite different from a 'gravel drive', popular as private driveways in the United Kingdom. This uses clean gravel consisting of uniform, rounded stones and small pebbles.
The decision whether to pave a gravel road or not often hinges on traffic volume. It has been found that maintenance costs for gravel roads often exceed the maintenance costs for paved or surface-treated roads when traffic volumes exceed 200 vehicles per day. [51] Pavement ends and turns into gravel surface road
Gravel (including right of way) 76: 85: 89: 91 Dirt (including right-of-way) 72: 82: 87: 89 Western desert urban areas Natural desert landscaping (pervious area only) 63: 77: 85: 88 Artificial desert landscaping (impervious weed barrier, desert shrub with 1- to 2-inch sand or gravel mulch and basin borders) 96: 96: 96: 96 Urban districts ...
This system proved to be highly cost-effective. Instead of a system of curbs, sidewalks, and gutters, which would have cost nearly $400,000, the planted drainage swales cost $100,000 to install. [6] This was also much more cost effective than building BMP ponds that could handle 2-, 10-, and 100-year storm events. [6]
Surface run-off results in a significant amount of economic effects. Pine straws are cost effective ways of dealing with surface run-off. Moreover, Surface run-off can be reused through the growth of elephant mass. In Nigeria, elephant grass is considered to be an economical way in which surface run-off and erosion can be reduced. [36]
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a measure of the strength of the subgrade of a road or other paved area, and of the materials used in its construction.. The ratio is measured using a standardized penetration test first developed by the California Division of Highways for highway engineering. [1]
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