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The phonological deficit hypothesis is a prevalent cognitive-level explanation for the cause of reading difficulties and dyslexia. [1] It stems from evidence that individuals with dyslexia tend to do poorly on tests which measure their ability to decode nonsense words using conventional phonetic rules, and that there is a high correlation between difficulties in connecting the sounds of ...
The lexical route is the process whereby skilled readers can recognize known words by sight alone, through a "dictionary" lookup procedure. [1] [4] According to this model, every word a reader has learned is represented in a mental database of words and their pronunciations that resembles a dictionary, or internal lexicon.
The rapid auditory processing theory is an alternative to the phonological deficit theory, which specifies that the primary deficit lies in the perception of short or rapidly varying sounds. Support for this theory arises from evidence that people with dyslexia show poor performance on a number of auditory tasks, including frequency ...
Phonological processing skills make up the ability to identify and manipulate sounds in speech. Rapid automatized naming compose the ability to translate visual information whether of letters, objects or pictures into a phonological code.
Hyperlexic children are characterized by word-reading ability well above what would be expected given their ages and IQs. [24] Hyperlexia can be viewed as a superability in which word recognition ability goes far above expected levels of skill. [25] However, in spite of few problems with decoding, comprehension is poor.
Examples of these issues can be problems speaking in full sentences, problems correctly articulating Rs and Ls as well as Ms and Ns, mixing up sounds in multi-syllabic words (ex: aminal for animal, spahgetti for spaghetti, heilcopter for helicopter, hangaberg for hamburger, ageen for magazine, etc.), problems of immature speech such as "wed and ...
Chinese children dyslexia often have both a visuospatial and phonological disorder which are independent of one another. This implies that unlike alphabetic orthographies where only a phonological or visuospatial disorder alone can cause dyslexia, Chinese children must suffer from both disorders for dyslexia to manifest.
Phonological awareness is one component of a larger phonological processing system used for speaking and listening. [8] [9] [10] Phonological awareness is different from other phonological abilities in that it is a metalinguistic skill, requiring conscious awareness and reflection on the structure of language.