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The Kjeldahl method's universality, precision and reproducibility have made it the internationally recognized method for estimating the protein content in foods and it is the standard method against which all other methods are judged. It is also used to assay soils, waste waters, fertilizers and other materials.
In order to solve the problem of determining accurate nitrogen content in a sample, Kjeldahl developed a method which involves a two-step reaction: a distillation and a back titration. He found that ammonium salts can be produced by the reaction between organic compounds and sulfuric acid; this step is a digestion.
The total internal energy in the sample then will be (,,). For some simple materials, like an ideal gas , one can derive from basic theory the equation of state F = 0 {\displaystyle F=0} and even the specific internal energy U {\displaystyle U} In general, these functions must be determined experimentally for each substance.
The nitrogen solubility index (NSI) is a measure of the solubility of the protein in a substance. It is typically used as a quick measure of the functionality of a protein, for example to predict the ability of the protein to stabilise foams, emulsions or gels. [1][2] To determine the NSI, the sample is dried, dispersed in a 0.1 M salt solution ...
Atmospheric nitrogen is less biologically available than dissolved nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrates. Availability of dissolved nitrogen may contribute to algal blooms . Ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen are often measured as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen , and analysis for inorganic forms of nitrogen may be performed for more accurate ...
The total nitrogen content of organic matter is mainly formed by the amino groups in proteins. The Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen is a measure of nitrogen widely used in the analysis of (waste) water, soil, food, feed and organic matter in general. As the name suggests, the Kjeldahl method is applied. More sensitive methods are available.
Thermodynamic data is usually presented as a table or chart of function values for one mole of a substance (or in the case of the steam tables, one kg). A thermodynamic datafile is a set of equation parameters from which the numerical data values can be calculated. Tables and datafiles are usually presented at a standard pressure of 1 bar or 1 ...
m = mass of each molecule (all molecules are identical in kinetic theory), γ (p) = Lorentz factor as function of momentum (see below) Ratio of thermal to rest mass-energy of each molecule: θ = k B T / m c 2 {\displaystyle \theta =k_ {\text {B}}T/mc^ {2}} K2 is the modified Bessel function of the second kind.