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Basic aircraft control surfaces and motion. A)aileron B)control stick C)elevator D)rudder. Aircraft flight control surfaces are aerodynamic devices allowing a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight attitude. Development of an effective set of flight control surfaces was a critical advance in the development of aircraft.
An anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements. In human and non-human anatomy, three principal planes are used: The sagittal plane or lateral plane (longitudinal, anteroposterior) is a plane parallel to the sagittal suture. It divides the body ...
Flight path angle γ: is the angle between horizontal and the velocity vector, which describes whether the aircraft is climbing or descending. Bank angle μ: represents a rotation of the lift force around the velocity vector, which may indicate whether the airplane is turning.
Aircraft flight mechanics are relevant to fixed wing (gliders, aeroplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft. An aeroplane ( airplane in US usage), is defined in ICAO Document 9110 as, "a power-driven heavier than air aircraft, deriving its lift chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surface which remain fixed under given conditions of flight".
In aeronautics, the keel effect (also known as the pendulum effect or pendulum stability [1]) is the result of the sideforce-generating surfaces being above or below the center of gravity of the aircraft. Along with dihedral, sweepback, and weight distribution, keel effect is one of the four main design considerations in aircraft lateral ...
During landing, the reverse happens when the nose-wheel touches the runway and the wing assumes a negative angle of attack with no lift. For aircraft with a tailwheel, the pilot initially pushes forward on the yoke during the takeoff run, lifting the tailwheel off the runway, and the aircraft lifts off the runway once sufficient speed is achieved.
Slats are high-lift devices typically used on aircraft intended to operate within a wide range of speeds. Trailing-edge flap systems running along the trailing edge of the wing are common on all aircraft. The position of the leading-edge slats on an airliner (Airbus A310-300). In this picture, the slats are drooped.
Krueger flaps, or Krüger flaps, are lift enhancement devices that may be fitted to the leading edge of an aircraft wing. Unlike slats or droop flaps, the main wing upper surface and its nose is not changed. Instead, a portion of the lower wing is rotated out in front of the main wing leading edge.