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t. e. In literary criticism, close reading is the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of a text. A close reading emphasizes the single and the particular over the general, via close attention to individual words, the syntax, the order in which the sentences unfold ideas, as well as formal structures. [1]
New Criticism. New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object.
Hand-stopping. Hand-stopping is a technique by which a natural horn or a natural trumpet can be made to produce notes outside of its normal harmonic series. By inserting the hand, cupped, into the bell, the player can reduce the pitch of a note by a semitone or more. This, combined with the use of crooks changing the key of the instrument ...
However, playing a 3rd space C (F-horn, open) and repeating the stopped horn, the pitch will lower a half-step to a B-natural (or 1/2 step above B ♭, the next lower partial). The hand horn technique developed in the classical period, with music pieces requiring the use of covering the bell to various degrees to lower the pitch accordingly.
Epilogue. An epilogue or epilog (from Greek ἐπίλογος epílogos, "conclusion" from ἐπί epi, "in addition" and λόγος logos, "word") is a piece of writing at the end of a work of literature, usually used to bring closure to the work. [1] It is presented from the perspective of within the story. When the author steps in and speaks ...
t. e. Roman Osipovich Jakobson (Russian: Рома́н О́сипович Якобсо́н, IPA: [rɐˈman ˈosʲɪpəvʲɪt͡ɕ (j)ɪkɐpˈson]; 11 October [O.S. 29 September] 1896 – 18 July 1982) was a Russian and naturalised American linguist and literary theorist. A pioneer of structural linguistics, Jakobson was one of the most celebrated ...
A hornbook (horn-book) is a single-sided alphabet tablet, which served from medieval times as a primer for study, [1] and sometimes included vowel combinations, numerals or short verse. [2] The hornbook was in common use in England around 1450, [3] but may have originated more than a century earlier. [4] The term (hornbook) has been applied to ...
Poetic closure. Poetic closure is the sense of conclusion given at the end of a poem. Barbara Herrnstein Smith 's detailed study— Poetic Closure: A Study of How Poems End —explores various techniques for achieving closure. One of the most common techniques is setting up a regular pattern and then breaking it to mark the end of a poem.