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B♭ alto — up a perfect fourth. A — up a major third. G — up a major second. E — down a minor second. E♭ — down a major second (used for horn on pitches with multiple sharps until Richard Strauss) D — down a minor third. C — down a perfect fourth. B♭ basso — down a perfect fifth. Some less common transpositions include:
Hand-stopping. Hand-stopping is a technique by which a natural horn or a natural trumpet can be made to produce notes outside of its normal harmonic series. By inserting the hand, cupped, into the bell, the player can reduce the pitch of a note by a semitone or more. This, combined with the use of crooks changing the key of the instrument ...
Poetic closure. Poetic closure is the sense of conclusion given at the end of a poem. Barbara Herrnstein Smith 's detailed study— Poetic Closure: A Study of How Poems End —explores various techniques for achieving closure. One of the most common techniques is setting up a regular pattern and then breaking it to mark the end of a poem.
t. e. In literary criticism, close reading is the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of a text. A close reading emphasizes the single and the particular over the general, via close attention to individual words, the syntax, the order in which the sentences unfold ideas, as well as formal structures. [1]
Caesura. A caesura (/ sɪˈzjʊərə /, pl. caesuras or caesurae; Latin for "cutting"), also written cæsura and cesura, is a metrical pause or break in a verse where one phrase ends and another phrase begins. It may be expressed by a comma (,), a tick ( ), or two lines, either slashed (//) or upright (||). In time value, this break may vary ...
Language. English. " Howl ", also known as " Howl for Carl Solomon ", is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955 and published in his 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems. The poem is dedicated to Carl Solomon. Ginsberg began work on "Howl" in 1954. In the Paul Blackburn Tape Archive at the University of California, San Diego, Ginsberg ...
New Criticism. New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self-referential aesthetic object.
List of narrative techniques. A narrative technique (also, in fiction, a fictional device) is any of several storytelling methods the creator of a story uses, [1] thus effectively relaying information to the audience or making the story more complete, complex, or engaging. Some scholars also call such a technique a narrative mode, though this ...