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Sandfly species transmit the disease leishmaniasis, by acting as vectors for protozoan Leishmania species, and tsetse flies transmit protozoan trypansomes (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypansoma brucei rhodesiense) which cause African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Ticks and lice form another large group of invertebrate vectors.
Veterinary entomology is included in this category, because many animal diseases can "jump species" and become a human health threat, for example, bovine encephalitis. Veterinary entomology can also help prevent zoonotic disease outbreaks. Medical entomology has advanced with technologies like genetic modification of mosquitoes.
For diseases where there is no effective cure, such as Zika virus, West Nile fever and Dengue fever, vector control remains the only way to protect human populations. [citation needed] However, even for vector-borne diseases with effective treatments the high cost of treatment remains a huge barrier to large amounts of developing world populations.
Depending on the mosquito vector, and the affected community, a variety of prevention methods may be deployed at one time. Mosquito borne diseases are indirectly contagious, a mosquito needs to get infected from biting a patient first than transfer it to the next thus, they both need to be in the general area.
Tick-borne diseases, which afflict humans and other animals, are caused by infectious agents transmitted by tick bites. [1] They are caused by infection with a variety of pathogens , including rickettsia and other types of bacteria , viruses , and protozoa . [ 2 ]
The mosquito would be considered a disease vector. Several articles, recent to early 2014, warn that human activities are spreading vector-borne zoonotic diseases. [ a ] Several articles were published in the medical journal The Lancet , and discuss how rapid changes in land use , trade globalization , climate change and "social upheaval" are ...
2015 Bronx Legionnaires' disease outbreaks; 2015 United States E. coli outbreak; 2015 United States H5N2 outbreak; 2016 United States Elizabethkingia outbreak; 2017–2018 United States flu season; 2018 United States adenovirus outbreak; 2019 New York measles outbreak; 2019 Pacific Northwest measles outbreak; 2019 United States hepatitis A outbreak
An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...