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Medications Certain medications, such as diuretics or steroids, can increase urination in our furry friends. If your dog has recently started a new medication, be aware of possible side effects.
Deracoxib is a coxib class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). [3] Like other NSAIDs, its effects are caused by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. [7] At the doses used to treat dogs, deracoxib causes greater inhibition of COX-2 than of COX-1, [3] but at doses twice those recommended for use in dogs, deracoxib significantly inhibits COX-1 as well.
Maropitant is safer than other antiemetics used in veterinary medicine, in part because of its high specificity for its target and thus not binding to other receptors in the central nervous system. [6] Side effects in dogs and cats include hypersalivation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and vomiting.
Alfaxalone is used as an induction agent, an injectable anesthetic, and a sedative in animals. [5] While it is commonly used in cats and dogs, it has also been successfully used in rabbits, [6] horses, sheep, pigs, and exotics such as red-eared turtles, axolotl, green iguanas, marmosets, [7] and koi fish. [8]
The respiratory system is the set of organs responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expelling of carbon dioxide. As dogs have few sweat glands in their skin, the respiratory system also plays an important role in body thermoregulation. [10] Dogs are mammals with two large lungs that are further divided into lobes.
Half the dogs received bedinvetmab and half the dogs received a sterile saline injection every 28 days for a total of three doses. [5] Before treatment and on various days throughout the study, owners used the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) assessment tool to measure the severity of the dog's pain and the degree to which the pain interfered ...
Tolterodine is a longer acting anticholinergic that may have fewer side effects. [9] For urinary retention, cholinergics (muscarinic agonists) like bethanechol can improve the squeezing ability of the bladder. Alpha blockers can also reduce outlet resistance and allow complete emptying if there is adequate bladder muscle function. [9]
The spiracle is often located towards the top of the animal allowing breathing even while the animal is mostly buried under sediments. [5] As sharks adapted a faster moving lifestyle some became obligate ram ventilators , breathing exclusively by forcing water through their gills by swimming; among these are requiem sharks and hammerhead sharks ...