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The parts of a bean seed (a dicot), showing the seed coat and embryo Diagram of the internal structure of a dicot seed and embryo: (a) seed coat, (b) endosperm, (c) cotyledon, (d) hypocotyl. A typical seed includes two basic parts: an embryo; a seed coat.
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants. Originally, it included plant morphology , the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
Seed dormancy is an evolutionary adaptation that prevents seeds from germinating during unsuitable ecological conditions that would typically lead to a low probability of seedling survival. [1] Dormant seeds do not germinate in a specified period of time under a combination of environmental factors that are normally conducive to the germination ...
A germination rate experiment. Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. [1]Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed ...
Botany, also called plant science or phytology, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially their anatomy, taxonomy, and ecology. [1] A botanist , plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field.
The etymology of the word "morphology" is from the Ancient Greek μορφή (morphḗ), meaning "form", and λόγος (lógos), meaning "word, study, research". [2] [3]While the concept of form in biology, opposed to function, dates back to Aristotle (see Aristotle's biology), the field of morphology was developed by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1790) and independently by the German anatomist ...
Although plant morphology (the external form) is integrated with plant anatomy (the internal form), the former became the basis of the taxonomic description of plants that exists today, due to the few tools required to observe. [2] [3] Many of these terms date back to the earliest herbalists and botanists, including Theophrastus.
A seed plant or spermatophyte (lit. ' seed plant ' ; from Ancient Greek σπέρματος ( spérmatos ) ' seed ' and φυτόν (phytón) ' plant ' ), also known as a phanerogam (taxon Phanerogamae ) or a phaenogam (taxon Phaenogamae ), is any plant that produces seeds .