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  2. Coupling constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling_constant

    Hence, the actual value of the coupling constant is only defined at a given energy scale. In QCD, the Z boson mass scale is typically chosen, providing a value of the strong coupling constant of α s (M Z 2) = 0.1179 ± 0.0010. [7] In 2023 Atlas measured α s (M Z 2) = 0.1183 ± 0.0009 the most precise so far.

  3. Color confinement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_confinement

    The confinement scale or QCD scale is the scale at which the perturbatively defined strong coupling constant diverges. This is known as the Landau pole.The confinement scale definition and value therefore depend on the renormalization scheme used.

  4. Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... g s is the strong coupling constant. ... and are free parameters, the Higgs's mass could ...

  5. Compliance constants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compliance_constants

    One aspect of compliance constants that proves more powerful than force constants in cyclobutane is because of less coupling. This compliance coupling constants are the off-diagonal elements in the inverted Hessian matrix and altogether with the compliance constants, they physically describe the relaxed distortion of a molecule closely through ...

  6. Strong interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

    The strong force is the expression of the gluon interaction with other quark and gluon particles. All quarks and gluons in QCD interact with each other through the strong force. The strength of interaction is parameterized by the strong coupling constant.

  7. File:Spin orbit coupling dispersion relation.pdf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Spin_orbit_coupling...

    Box A has no coupling. The dispersion relation shows 2 shifted free space dispersion relations. Box B shows how the gap at k=0 opens for weak coupling. Box C shows the strong coupling limit where the double degenerate minima in the first band merge into a single ground state at k=0.

  8. Exciton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciton

    Indeed, its spatial scale is about / where is effective mass of the exciton, is the exciton-phonon coupling constant, and is the characteristic frequency of optical phonons. Excitons are self-trapped when m {\displaystyle m} and γ {\displaystyle \gamma } are large, and then the spatial size of the barrier is large compared with the lattice ...

  9. Chiral perturbation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_perturbation_theory

    In addition to the ordering scheme, most terms in the approximate Lagrangian will be multiplied by coupling constants which represent the relative strengths of the force represented by each term. Values of these constants – also called low-energy constants or Ls – are usually not known. The constants can be determined by fitting to ...