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A vaso-occlusive crisis is a common painful complication of sickle cell anemia in adolescents and adults. [1] [2] It is a form of sickle cell crisis.Sickle cell anemia – most common in those of African, Hispanic, and Mediterranean origin – leads to sickle cell crisis when the circulation of blood vessels is obstructed by sickled red blood cells, causing ischemic injuries.
Reviewing a patient's family history and conducting a physical examination are important steps in making a diagnosis. Physical exams may differ depending on the type of vascular disease suspected. For example, in the case of a peripheral vascular disease, a physical exam consists of checking blood flow in a patient's legs. [28] [29]
Arterial stiffness occurs as a consequence of biological aging, arteriosclerosis and genetic disorders, such as Marfan, Williams, and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. [1] Inflammation plays a major role in arteriosclerosis and arterial stiffness. [2]
According to guidelines, taking aspirin or clopidogrel is recommended to reduce AMI ("heart attack"), stroke, and other causes of vascular death in people with symptomatic peripheral artery disease. [20] It is recommended that aspirin and clopidogrel be taken alone and not in conjunction with one another (i.e., not as dual antiplatelet therapy).
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) (literally: 'painful blue inflammation'), not to be confused with preceding phlegmasia alba dolens, is an uncommon severe form of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) that obstructs blood outflow from a vein.
Lesions reflect leakage of plasma components across vascular endothelium and excessive extracellular matrix production by smooth muscle cells, usually secondary to hypertension. [ 11 ] Hyaline arteriolosclerosis is a major morphologic characteristic of benign nephrosclerosis , in which the arteriolar narrowing causes diffuse impairment of renal ...
This leads to an occlusion of the artery and thus ischemia. Unlike embolic causes of limb ischemia, thrombosis is progressive and develops over time. In hypercoagulable states, thrombosis can occur in areas without atherosclerosis, and usually presents in patients with malignancy, increased tendency for blood to clot, or low blood flow. [15]
Activation of these systems leads to many of the clinical symptoms that patients experiencing DIC exhibits, such as shock, hypotension, and increased vascular permeability. The acute form of DIC is considered an extreme expression of the intravascular coagulation process with a complete breakdown of the normal homeostatic boundaries.