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Rattlesnake venom is a mixture of five to fifteen enzymes, various metal ions, biogenic amines, lipids, free amino acids, proteins, and polypeptides. More specifically, there are three main families of toxins in rattlesnakes: phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), and snake venom serine proteinases (SVSPs). [49]
The black-tailed rattlesnake is found in the southwestern United States in Arizona, New Mexico and west and central Texas, and Mexico as far south as Oaxaca, as well as the Gulf of California on San Estéban and Tiburón Islands. Its distribution reaches a maximum elevation of 2930 m, although it has been recorded at as high as 6900 feet at the ...
A pet simulator (sometimes called virtual pets or digital pets [1]) is a video game that focuses on the care, raising, breeding or exhibition of simulated animals. These games are software implementations of digital pets .
Venom evolved just once among all Toxicofera about 170 million years ago, and then diversified into the huge venom diversity seen today. [23] The original toxicoferan venom was a very simple set of proteins that were assembled in a pair of glands.
Brown (1973) gives a venom yield of 33 mg (Klauber, 1956) and LD 50 values for mice of 2.6 mg/kg IV, 3.0, 4.0, 2.3 mg/kg IP and 5.5 mg/kg SC for toxicity. With these figures, Brown calculated that the LD 50 for an adult human being weighing 70 kg would be 385 mg (SC).
[27] [28] However, because of its large venom glands and specialized fangs, the western diamondback rattlesnake can deliver a large amount of venom in a single bite. The average venom yield per bite is usually between 250 and 350 mg, with a maximum of 700–800 mg. [5] [29] Severe envenomation is rare but possible, and can be lethal. Mortality ...
This species complex is equipped with powerful venom, using about 20-55 percent of venom in one bite, and will defend themselves if threatened or injured. As with other rattlesnake species, prairie rattlesnakes will rapidly vibrate their tails, which produces a unique rasping sound to warn intruders. [ 12 ]
Crotalus oreganus, commonly known as the Western rattlesnake or northern Pacific rattlesnake, [4] [5] is a venomous pit viper species found in western North America from the Baja California Peninsula to the southern interior of British Columbia.