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Sleep apnea is the second most frequent cause of secondary hypersomnia, affecting up to 4% of middle-aged adults, mostly men. Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a clinical variant of sleep apnea that can also cause hypersomnia. [8] Just as other sleep disorders (like narcolepsy) can coexist with sleep apnea, the same is true for UARS.
EDS can be a symptom of a number of factors and disorders. Specialists in sleep medicine are trained to diagnose them. Some are: Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep ...
Individuals with IH share common symptoms including excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep inertia, brain fog, and long sleep periods. [10] [11] [12]Excessive daytime sleepiness, characterized by persistent sleepiness throughout the day and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep.
Sleep-talking can also be caused by depression, sleep deprivation, day-time drowsiness, alcohol, and fever. It often occurs in association with other sleep disorders such as confusional arousals, sleep apnea, and REM sleep behavior disorder. In rare cases, adult-onset sleep-talking is linked with a psychiatric disorder or nocturnal seizure. [2]
Sleep deprivation is common as it affects about one-third of the population. [3] The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults aim for 7–9 hours of sleep per night, while children and teenagers require even more. For healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration for school-aged children is between 9 and 11 hours.
[1] [35] The variant sleep-related eating disorders is chronic, without remission, but treatable. [35] REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) can mostly be handled well with the use of melatonin or clonazepam. [25] [35] However, there is high comorbidity with neurodegenerative disorders, that is in up to 93% of cases. [35]
The onset of symptoms is usually within 2 and 3 hours of sleep onset (at the time of transition from slow-wave sleep to a lighter sleep stage) and those events can last from 10 to 30 minutes. Patients generally wake up without any recollection of the event. It is necessary to distinguish confusional arousals in adults from children. [3]
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