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Calcium-binding proteins have specific domains that bind to calcium and are known to be heterogeneous. One of the functions of calcium binding proteins is to regulate the amount of free (unbound) Ca 2+ in the cytosol of the cell. [1] The cellular regulation of calcium is known as calcium homeostasis.
Many of Ca 2+ mediated events occur when the released Ca 2+ binds to and activates the regulatory protein calmodulin. Calmodulin may activate the Ca 2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, or may act directly on other effector proteins. [15] Besides calmodulin, there are many other Ca 2+-binding proteins that mediate the biological effects of ...
Rendered image of the Ca 2+ pump. Plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase (PMCA) is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells that serves to remove calcium (Ca 2+) from the cell. It is vital for regulating the amount of Ca 2+ within cells. [3] In fact, the PMCA is involved in removing Ca 2+ from all eukaryotic cells. [4]
The Ca 2+ concentration of the vacuole may reach millimolar levels. The most striking use of Ca 2+ ions as a structural element in algae occurs in the marine coccolithophores, which use Ca 2+ to form the calcium carbonate plates, with which they are covered. Calcium is needed to form the pectin in the middle lamella of newly formed cells.
Calmodulin is a small, highly conserved protein that is 148 amino acids long (16.7 kDa). The protein has two approximately symmetrical globular domains (the N- and C- domains) each containing a pair of EF hand motifs [5] separated by a flexible linker region for a total of four Ca 2+ binding sites, two in each globular domain. [6]
These are distinguished by using either Ba 2+ or Ca 2+ as the charge carrier in the external recording solution (in vitro). The CGI component is attributed to the binding of the Ca 2+-binding signaling protein calmodulin (CaM) to at least 1 site on the channel, as Ca 2+-null CaM mutants abolish CGI in L-type channels. Not all channels exhibit ...
The plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase (PMCA) is a transport protein in the plasma membrane of cells that functions as a calcium pump to remove calcium (Ca 2+) from the cell. PMCA function is vital for regulating the amount of Ca 2+ within all eukaryotic cells.
This family of ion channels is, for the most part, activated by intracellular Ca 2+ and contains 8 members in the human genome. However, some of these channels (the K Ca 4 and K Ca 5 channels) are responsive instead to other intracellular ligands, such as Na + , Cl − , and pH .