Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Glutamate is a very major constituent of a wide variety of proteins; consequently it is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body. [1] Glutamate is formally classified as a non-essential amino acid, because it can be synthesized (in sufficient quantities for health) from α-ketoglutaric acid, which is produced as part of the citric acid cycle by a series of reactions whose ...
Glutamate transporters are a family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate – the principal excitatory neurotransmitter – across a membrane.The family of glutamate transporters is composed of two primary subclasses: the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) family.
Glutamate (the conjugate base of glutamic acid) is abundant in the human body, but particularly in the nervous system and especially prominent in the human brain where it is the body's most prominent neurotransmitter, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, and also the precursor for GABA, the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter. [2]
Glutamate also plays an important role in the body's disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase, [17] as follows: glutamate + H 2 O + NADP + → α-ketoglutarate + NADPH + NH 3 + H + Ammonia (as ammonium) is then excreted predominantly as urea, synthesised in ...
The glutamate/GABA–glutamine cycle is a metabolic pathway that describes the release of either glutamate or GABA from neurons which is then taken up into astrocytes (non-neuronal glial cells). In return, astrocytes release glutamine to be taken up into neurons for use as a precursor to the synthesis of either glutamate or GABA.
Most amino acids are synthesized from α-ketoacids, and later transaminated from another amino acid, usually glutamate. The enzyme involved in this reaction is an aminotransferase. α-ketoacid + glutamate ⇄ amino acid + α-ketoglutarate. Glutamate itself is formed by amination of α-ketoglutarate: α-ketoglutarate + NH + 4 ⇄ glutamate
Glutamate + ATP + NH 3 → Glutamine + ADP + phosphate Glutamine synthetase catalyzed reaction. Glutamine synthetase uses ammonia produced by nitrate reduction, amino acid degradation, and photorespiration. [4] The amide group of glutamate is a nitrogen source for the synthesis of glutamine pathway metabolites. [5] Other reactions may take ...
Glutamate is transported with aspartate via antiporter, thus as one aspartate leaves the cell, a glutamate enters. Glutamate in the matrix is converted into an a-ketoglutarate which is transported in an antiporter with malate. In the cytoplasmic side a-ketoglutarate is converted back into glutamate when aspartate is converted back to oxaloacetate.