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  2. Modified Newtonian dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

    Option (1) leads to the dark matter hypothesis; option (2) leads to MOND. The majority of astronomers, astrophysicists, and cosmologists accept dark matter as the explanation for galactic rotation curves (based on general relativity, and hence Newtonian mechanics), and are committed to a dark matter solution of the missing-mass problem. [19]

  3. Scalar–tensor–vector gravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalar–tensor–vector...

    There he argues in favor of dark matter over non-local gravity theories, such as STVG/MOG. Observations show that in "undisturbed" galaxy clusters the reconstructed mass from gravitational lensing is located where matter is distributed, and a separation of matter from gravitation only seems to appear after a collision or interaction has taken ...

  4. Dark matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

    Dark radiation – Postulated type of radiation that mediates interactions of dark matter; Massive gravity – Theory of gravity in which the graviton has nonzero mass; Unparticle physics – Speculative theory that conjectures a form of matter that cannot be explained in terms of particles; Experiments

  5. Dark Matter May Not Be Invisible After All. This Discovery ...

    www.aol.com/dark-matter-may-not-invisible...

    Dark matter is called ‘dark’ because it’s invisible to us and does not measurably interact with anything other than gravity. It could be interspersed between the atoms that make up the Earth ...

  6. Alternatives to general relativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatives_to_general...

    Motivations for the more recent alternatives to general relativity are almost all cosmological, associated with or replacing such constructs as "inflation", "dark matter" and "dark energy". The basic idea is that gravity agrees with general relativity at the present epoch but may have been quite different in the early universe.

  7. Findings by dark energy researchers back Einstein's ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/findings-dark-energy...

    The universe's contents include ordinary matter - stars, planets, gas, dust and all the familiar stuff on Earth, including people and popcorn - as well as dark matter, which is invisible material ...

  8. f(R) gravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F(R)_gravity

    In physics, f(R) is a type of modified gravity theory which generalizes Einstein's general relativity. f(R) gravity is actually a family of theories, each one defined by a different function, f, of the Ricci scalar, R. The simplest case is just the function being equal to the scalar; this is general relativity.

  9. Lambda-CDM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda-CDM_model

    Milgrom, McGaugh, and Kroupa have criticized the dark matter portions of the theory from the perspective of galaxy formation models and supporting the alternative modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) theory, which requires a modification of the Einstein field equations and the Friedmann equations as seen in proposals such as modified gravity ...