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Pipe ramming (sometimes also called pipe jacking) is a trenchless method for installation of steel pipes and casings. Distances of 30 m (150 feet) or more and over 500 mm (20 inches) in diameter are common, although the method can be used for much longer and larger installations.
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ISO 3056:1986 Non-calibrated round steel link lifting chain and chain slings — Use and maintenance; ISO 3057:1998 Non-destructive testing — Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination; ISO 3058:1998 Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection — Selection of low-power magnifiers
During the pigging run the pig is unable to directly communicate with the outside world due to the distance underground or underwater and/or the materials that the pipe is made of. For example, steel pipelines effectively prevent any significant radio communications outside the pipe.
Rigging is the equipment such as wire rope, turnbuckles, clevis, jacks used with cranes and other lifting equipment [1] in material handling and structure relocation. Rigging systems commonly include shackles, master links and slings, and lifting bags in underwater lifting.
ISO 2229:1973 Equipment for the petroleum and natural gas industries — Steel pipe flanges, nominal sizes 1/2 to 24 in — Metric dimensions [Withdrawn: replaced with ISO 7005-(1-3)] ISO 2230:2002 Rubber products — Guidelines for storage; ISO 2231:1989 Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
These comprise a clamshell or chain-mounted cutting head holding a tool steel and feed mechanism which advances the tool a set amount per revolution round the pipe. Tools may be styled to cut and/or prepare the bevel for welding in a single or multiple passes. High pressure abrasive water jets can be used for cold cutting. This technology is ...
Common applications are: steel water or fuel pipelines and steel storage tanks such as home water heaters; steel pier piles; ship and boat hulls; offshore oil platforms and onshore oil well casings; offshore wind farm foundations and metal reinforcement bars in concrete buildings and structures.