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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND) or (in the United States) Lou Gehrig's disease (LGD), is a rare, terminal neurodegenerative disorder that results in the progressive loss of both upper and lower motor neurons that normally control voluntary muscle contraction. [3]
Excessive vibrations that occur in the inner ear can result in structural damage that will affect hearing. These vibrations result in an increase in the metabolic demands of the auditory system. During exposure to sound, metabolic energy is needed to maintain the relevant electrochemical gradients used in the transduction of sounds.
Hearing loss is a partial or total inability to hear. [5] Hearing loss may be present at birth or acquired at any time afterwards. [6] [7] Hearing loss may occur in one or both ears. [2] In children, hearing problems can affect the ability to acquire spoken language, and in adults it can create difficulties with social interaction and at work. [8]
Psychological health effects from noise also include depression and anxiety. Individuals who have hearing loss, including noise induced hearing loss, may have their symptoms alleviated with the use of hearing aids. Individuals who do not seek treatment for their loss are 50% more likely to have depression than their aided peers. [36]
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There is little consistency across the hearing healthcare sector with respect to the care of musicians' hearing and the provision of hearing protection. [11] However, the American Academy of Audiology has published a consensus document regarding best practices for hearing loss prevention with musicians.
Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) was first defined by Dr. Brian McCabe in a landmark paper describing an autoimmune loss of hearing. [2] The disease results in progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) that acts bilaterally and asymmetrically, and sometimes affects an individual's vestibular system .
Cogan's syndrome commonly presents with hearing loss. Multiple sclerosis can affect hearing as well. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, a covering that protects the nerves. If the auditory nerve becomes damaged, the affected person will become completely deaf in one or both ears.