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Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is well defined in the Biomolecular condensate page. LLPS databases cover different aspects of LLPS phenomena, ranging from cellular location of the Membraneless Organelles (MLOs) to the role of a particular protein/region forming the condensate state.
Experimental approaches include phase separation assays using bright-field imaging or fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), as well as rheological analysis of phase-separated droplets. [105] Computational approaches include coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and circuit topology analysis. [106]
Phase separation is the creation of two distinct phases from a single homogeneous mixture. [1] The most common type of phase separation is between two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water. This type of phase separation is known as liquid-liquid equilibrium. Colloids are formed by phase separation, though not all phase separations forms ...
The Cahn–Hilliard equation (after John W. Cahn and John E. Hilliard) [1] is an equation of mathematical physics which describes the process of phase separation, spinodal decomposition, by which the two components of a binary fluid spontaneously separate and form domains pure in each component.
A numerical solution to the one dimensional Allen-Cahn equation. The Allen–Cahn equation (after John W. Cahn and Sam Allen) is a reaction–diffusion equation of mathematical physics which describes the process of phase separation in multi-component alloy systems, including order-disorder transitions.
The free energy curve is plotted as a function of composition for a temperature below the convolute temperature, T. Equilibrium phase compositions are those corresponding to the free energy minima. Regions of negative curvature (∂ 2 f/∂c 2 < 0 ) lie within the inflection points of the curve (∂ 2 f/∂c 2 = 0 ) which are called the spinodes.
In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent (gas or liquid) called the mobile phase, which carries it through a system (a column, a capillary tube, a plate, or a sheet) on which a material called the stationary phase is fixed ...
Isotope fractionation occurs during a phase transition, when the ratio of light to heavy isotopes in the involved molecules changes.When water vapor condenses (an equilibrium fractionation), the heavier water isotopes (18 O and 2 H) become enriched in the liquid phase while the lighter isotopes (16 O and 1 H) tend toward the vapor phase.