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Heeling: The heeling angle (θ) is constant when the torque between the centre of effort (CE) on the sail and the centre of resistance on the hull (CR) over moment arm (h) equals the torque between the boat's centre of buoyancy (CB) and its centre of gravity (CG) over moment arm (b), described as heeling moment.
The vertical/Z axis, or yaw axis, is an imaginary line running vertically through the ship and through its centre of mass. A yaw motion is a side-to side movement of the bow and stern of the ship. The transverse/Y axis, lateral axis, or pitch axis is an imaginary line running horizontally across the ship and through the centre of mass. A pitch ...
However, in commercial ships and in traditional machinery arrangement, contra-rotating propellers are rare, due to cost and complexity. ABB provided an azimuth thruster for ShinNihonkai Ferries in form of the CRP Azipod , [ 2 ] claiming efficiency gains from the propeller (about 10% increase [ 3 ] ) and a simpler hull design.
Any heel lesser than this angle will allow the vessel to right itself, while any heel greater than this angle will cause a negative righting moment (or heeling moment) and force the vessel to continue to roll over. When a vessel reaches a heel equal to its point of vanishing stability, any external force will cause the vessel to capsize.
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves, whether intact or damaged. Stability calculations focus on centers of gravity , centers of buoyancy , the metacenters of vessels, and on how these interact.
Angle of loll is the state of a ship that is unstable when upright (i.e. has a negative metacentric height) and therefore takes on an angle of heel to either port or starboard. When a vessel has negative metacentric height (GM) i.e., is in unstable equilibrium, any external force applied to the vessel will cause it to start heeling.
The process of restoring a capsized vessel to upright condition. righting couple righting moment The force that tends to restore a ship to upright equilibrium once a heel has altered the relationship between the vessel's center of buoyancy and center of gravity. rigol The rim or "eyebrow" above a porthole or scuttle. rip rap
Reconstruction of a 19th-century naval architect's office, Aberdeen Maritime Museum General Course of Study leading to Naval Architecture degree Naval architecture, or naval engineering, is an engineering discipline incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation ...