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Martingale (US Women's Army Corps winter overcoat, WWII era) A martingale (also martingale belt [1]) is a strap on a dress or a half-belt on a coat or a jacket, [2] [3] used to adjust the fullness of the cloth. The martingale is typically attached to the piece of clothing by buttons. [4]
A spring (made by winding a wire around a cylinder) is of two types: Tension or extension springs are designed to become longer under load. Their turns (loops) are normally touching in the unloaded position, and they have a hook, eye or some other means of attachment at each end. Compression springs are designed to become shorter when loaded ...
An ideal constant-force spring is a spring for which the force it exerts over its range of motion is a constant, that is, it does not obey Hooke's law.In reality, "constant-force springs" do not provide a truly constant force and are constructed from materials that do obey Hooke's law.
Note that the vanilla Azuma's inequality requires symmetric bounds on martingale increments, i.e. .So, if known bound is asymmetric, e.g. , to use Azuma's inequality, one need to choose = (| |, | |) which might be a waste of information on the boundedness of .
Chain tensioner on a single-speed bicycle Belt tensioner on a belt-drive bicycle Hydraulic bolt tensioner Hydraulic Puller-tensioner . A tensioner is a device that applies a force to create or maintain tension. The force may be applied parallel to, as in the case of a hydraulic bolt tensioner, or perpendicular to, as in the case of a spring ...
The ideal belt is that of the lowest tension that does not slip in high loads. Belt tensions should also be adjusted to belt type, size, speed, and pulley diameters. Belt tension is determined by measuring the force to deflect the belt a given distance per inch (or mm) of pulley.
The force of the spring reverses the direction of rotation, so the wheel oscillates back and forth, driven at the top by the clock's gears. Torsion springs consisting of twisted ropes or sinew, were used to store potential energy to power several types of ancient weapons; including the Greek ballista and the Roman scorpio and catapults like the ...
A convex function of a martingale is a submartingale, by Jensen's inequality. For example, the square of the gambler's fortune in the fair coin game is a submartingale (which also follows from the fact that X n 2 − n is a martingale). Similarly, a concave function of a martingale is a supermartingale.