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A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
used to mean that something is a minimal or maximal element of some class with respect to some relation *93.02 *93.021 gen The generations of a relation *93.03 P Q is a relation corresponding to the operation of applying P to the left and Q to the right of a relation. This meaning is only used in *95 and the symbol is defined differently in *257.
The term was coined when variables began to be used for sets and mathematical structures. onto A function (which in mathematics is generally defined as mapping the elements of one set A to elements of another B) is called "A onto B" (instead of "A to B" or "A into B") only if it is surjective; it may even be said that "f is onto" (i. e ...
the population mean or expected value in probability and statistics; a measure in measure theory; micro-, an SI prefix denoting 10 −6 (one millionth) Micrometre or micron (retired in 1967 as a standalone symbol, replaced by "μm" using the standard SI meaning) the coefficient of friction in physics; the service rate in queueing theory
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
In particular, terms appear as components of a formula. A first-order term is recursively constructed from constant symbols, variables, and function symbols. An expression formed by applying a predicate symbol to an appropriate number of terms is called an atomic formula, which evaluates to true or false in bivalent logics, given an interpretation.
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.
Normally, roman upright typeface is not used for symbols, except for symbols representing a standard function, such as the symbol "" of the sine function. [2] In order to have more symbols, and for allowing related mathematical objects to be represented by related symbols, diacritics, subscripts and superscripts are often used.