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The enzyme unit, or international unit for enzyme (symbol U, sometimes also IU) is a unit of enzyme's catalytic activity. [ 1 ] 1 U (μmol/min) is defined as the amount of the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of one micro mole of substrate per minute under the specified conditions of the assay method .
Increasing the substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction (enzyme activity). However, enzyme saturation limits reaction rates. An enzyme is saturated when the active sites of all the molecules are occupied most of the time. At the saturation point, the reaction will not speed up, no matter how much additional substrate is added.
The katal (symbol: kat) is that catalytic activity that will raise the rate of conversion by one mole per second in a specified assay system. [1] It is a unit of the International System of Units (SI) [1] used for quantifying the catalytic activity of enzymes (that is, measuring the enzymatic activity level in enzyme catalysis) and other catalysts.
Enzymes can be classified by two main criteria: either amino acid sequence similarity (and thus evolutionary relationship) or enzymatic activity. Enzyme activity. An enzyme's name is often derived from its substrate or the chemical reaction it catalyzes, with the word ending in -ase.
In chemistry, the term "turnover number" has two distinct meanings.. In enzymology, the turnover number (k cat) is defined as the limiting number of chemical conversions of substrate molecules per second that a single active site will execute for a given enzyme concentration [E T] for enzymes with two or more active sites. [1]
in which e is the concentration of free enzyme (not the total concentration) and x is the concentration of enzyme-substrate complex EA. Conservation of enzyme requires that [28] = where is now the total enzyme concentration. After combining the two expressions some straightforward algebra leads to the following expression for the concentration ...
Enzyme activators are molecules that bind to enzymes and increase their activity. They are the opposite of enzyme inhibitors. These molecules are often involved in the allosteric regulation of enzymes in the control of metabolism. In some cases, when a substrate binds to one catalytic subunit of an enzyme, this can trigger an increase in the ...
In biochemistry, control coefficients [1] are used to describe how much influence a given reaction step has on the flux or concentration of the species at steady state.This can be accomplished experimentally by changing the expression level of a given enzyme and measuring the resulting changes in flux and metabolite levels.