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Parliamentary procedure is the body of rules, ethics, and customs governing meetings and other operations of clubs, organizations, legislative bodies, and other deliberative assemblies. General principles of parliamentary procedure include rule of the majority with respect for the minority.
In parliamentary procedure, an objection to the consideration of a question is a motion that is adopted to prevent an original main motion from coming before the assembly. This motion is different from an objection to a unanimous consent request.
Henry M. Robert. A U.S. Army officer, Henry Martyn Robert (1837–1923), saw a need for a standard of parliamentary procedure while living in San Francisco.He found San Francisco in the mid-to-late 19th century to be a chaotic place where meetings of any kind tended to be tumultuous, with little consistency of procedure and with people of many nationalities and traditions thrown together.
In the United States terms used are parliamentary law, parliamentary practice, legislative procedure, rules of order, or Robert's rules of order. [2] Rules of order consist of rules written by the body itself (often referred to as bylaws), usually supplemented by a published parliamentary authority adopted by the body.
The American Institute of Parliamentarians (AIP) is a not-for-profit educational organization founded in 1958. [3] The objectives of AIP are to promote the use and teaching of parliamentary procedure, as well as the training and certification of parliamentarians. [4] This organization had 48 members in its first year. [4]
The following guides were prepared by professional parliamentarians (experts in meeting procedures) who were credentialed with the National Association of Parliamentarians and/or the American Institute of Parliamentarians. Jennings, C. Alan (2016). Robert's Rules For Dummies (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 432 pages.
Deliberative assemblies – bodies that use parliamentary procedure to arrive at decisions – use several methods of voting on motions (formal proposal by members of a deliberative assembly that the assembly take certain action). The regular methods of voting in such bodies are a voice vote, a rising vote, and a show of hands.
In the United States House of Representatives, the previous question originally served the same purpose as it did in the English Parliament.In the 1800s, the House of Representatives altered the rules governing the way the previous question could be used: in 1805, it was rendered undebatable, and in 1841, the fraction of votes needed to pass it was lowered from 2/3 to 1/2, allowing for it to ...