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Concept (top view): In a vehicle, motors M1 through M4 drive respective wheels independently, possibly through respective gear arrangements. Individual-wheel drive (IWD) is an automobile design in which the vehicle has an all-wheel drive powertrain that consists of multiple independent traction motors each supplying torque to a single drive wheel. [1]
The name is an abbreviation of Universal Wheel Drive System. [2] The Uni Wheel is intended to gain the advantages of individual wheel drive without having to mount the motor directly to, or inside, the wheel. Instead, it subsumes the functions of constant-velocity joints, drive shaft and reduction gearing into a single system within the wheel. [1]
Individual wheel drive, a vehicle drivetrain layout This page was last edited on 8 March 2024, at 14:37 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons ...
The most common forms of all-wheel drive are: 1x1 All unicycles Reflects one axle with one wheel capable of being powered. 2x2 Some motorcycles and bikes Reflects two axles with one wheel on each capable of being powered. 4×4 (also, four-wheel drive or 4WD) Reflects two axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered.
Like the U8, the U9 features BYD's proprietary "e 4" (易四方) individual wheel drive system, which enables the vehicle to redistribute torque among the four wheels in case of traction loss or a tyre puncture at speed; and the "DiSus" (云辇) active suspension system, which allows the wheels' ground clearance to be readjusted individually ...
A = number of wheels (twin-mounted tires count as one wheel) B = number of driven wheels / = the fore of the rear axles is steered (pusher axle) * = the rearmost of the rear axles is steered (tag axle) C = number of steered wheels - = separates axle groups and/or different axle functions (6x4-2 is 6x6 with undriven rear axle)
Rear-wheel drive is standard across all generations, while four-wheel drive option was available for the first- and second-generation models. Since August 2016, the Terios has been sold exclusively in Indonesia. Throughout three generations, it has also been marketed by Toyota and Perodua under various nameplates as well.
A two-wheel-drive bicycle with the front wheel propelled by the arms and the rear wheel by the legs (demonstrated by its Dutch inventor on Polygoon, 1942). For two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles and bicycles, the term is used to describe vehicles that can power the front as well as the back wheel.