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Vocal cord nodules are bilaterally symmetrical benign white masses that form at the midpoint of the vocal folds. [1] Although diagnosis involves a physical examination of the head and neck , as well as perceptual voice measures, visualization of the vocal nodules via laryngeal endoscopy remains the primary diagnostic method.
Type 1 thyroplasty – Medialization of the vocal folds (most common surgery for unilateral vocal cord paralysis). Type 2 thyroplasty – Lateralization of the vocal folds (in case of airway insufficiency after Laryngeal trauma). Type 3 thyroplasty – Shortening of the vocal folds (done to lower the vocal pitch).
During surgery, attempts are made to preserve as much vocal fold tissue as possible, [3] given that glottal insufficiency (a gap in the vocal folds) is a possible consequence of surgery. [15] Vocal fold tissue can be preserved during surgery by raising a micro-flap, removing the cyst, then laying the flap back down. [ 15 ]
used in ear surgery •Jansen's self retaining: self retaining retractor used in mastoid surgery •Mollison's self retaining haemostatic: self retaining retractor used in mastoid surgery Tracheal dilator: used in tracheostomy to dilate the cut edges of the trachea: Long gauze pieces: for anterior nasal packing
Laryngologists treat disorders of the larynx, including diseases that affects the voice, swallowing, or upper airway. Common conditions addressed by laryngologists include vocal fold nodules and cysts, laryngeal cancer, spasmodic dysphonia, laryngopharyngeal reflux, papillomas, and voice misuse/abuse/overuse syndromes.
Laryngectomy is the removal of the larynx.In a total laryngectomy, the entire larynx is removed (including the vocal folds, hyoid bone, epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid cartilage and a few tracheal cartilage rings) with the separation of the airway from the mouth, nose and esophagus. [1]
Cordectomy is the surgical removal of a cord. It usually refers to removal of one or both vocal cords, often for the purpose of treating laryngeal cancer. [1] [2] The word is derived from the Greek, combining chorde and ektome meaning excision. It can be carried out by traditional surgical techniques or, increasingly, by carbon dioxide laser. [3]
Damage to these nerves results in vocal cord paralysis - the reduced mobility and inability to adduct one or both vocal cords. Many cases of vocal cord paralysis result from trauma during surgery. [2] Symptoms include hoarseness of voice, difficulty projecting, difficulty swallowing, and throat pain. [citation needed]