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Water on hydrophobic surfaces will exhibit a high contact angle. Examples of hydrophobic molecules include the alkanes, oils, fats, and greasy substances in general. Hydrophobic materials are used for oil removal from water, the management of oil spills, and chemical separation processes to remove non-polar substances from polar compounds. [2]
The hydrophobic effect depends on the temperature, which leads to "cold denaturation" of proteins. [19] The hydrophobic effect can be calculated by comparing the free energy of solvation with bulk water. In this way, the hydrophobic effect not only can be localized but also decomposed into enthalpic and entropic contributions. [3]
The skin surface of some species of lizards, such as geckos [22] and anoles, [23] has also been documented as highly hydrophobic, and may facilitate self-cleaning [24] or underwater breathing. [25] Some birds are great swimmers, due to their hydrophobic feather coating.
Some plants, animals, and insects have hydrophobic surfaces and will repel water instead of getting wet. When you watch the video above, you can see exactly how a gecko’s skin repels water.
Hydrophobic soil is a soil whose particles repel water. The layer of hydrophobicity is commonly found at or a few centimeters below the surface, parallel to the soil profile. [ 1 ] This layer can vary in thickness and abundance and is typically covered by a layer of ash or burned soil.
Superhydrophobic coatings are also found in nature; they appear on plant leaves, such as the lotus leaf, and some insect wings. [4] This image shows highly absorbent filter paper coated with a super-hydrophobic paint developed at University College London. This repels water (which has been dyed orange for greater contrast)
Examples include, partial molar heat capacity, transition temperature and surface tension. Physical methods are easy to use and flexible in terms of solute. The most popular hydrophobicity scale was developed by measuring surface tension values for the naturally occurring 20 amino acids in NaCl solution. [ 30 ]
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