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An alternative formula was proposed by Grigorii Golosov in 2010. [9]= = + which is equivalent – if we only consider parties with at least one vote/seat – to = = + (/) Here, n is the number of parties, the square of each party's proportion of all votes or seats, and is the square of the largest party's proportion of all votes or seats.
The Sainte-Laguë method optimizes the seats-to-votes ratio among all parties with the least squares approach. Disproportionality, the difference of the parties' seats-to-votes ratio and the ideal seats-to-votes ratio for each party, is squared, weighted according to the vote share of each party and summed up:
No one else can get as much. In a three-seat contest 25% plus 1 is the Droop quota because no more than three people can each have 25% of the vote + 1; using Droop means 10% of the vote + 1 is the quota in a nine-seat district because no more than nine people can each have 10% of the vote + 1, and so on.
Psephology (/ s ɪ ˈ f ɒ l ə dʒ i /; from Greek ψῆφος, psephos, 'pebble') is the study of elections and voting. [1] Psephology attempts to both forecast and explain election results. The term is more common in Britain and in those English-speaking communities that rely heavily on the British standard of the language.
An electoral swing analysis (or swing) shows the extent of change in voter support, typically from one election to another, expressed as a positive or negative percentage. A multi-party swing is an indicator of a change in the electorate's preference between candidates or parties, often between major parties in a two-party system.
[1] However, in recent years, the model has been challenged by spatial and valence models, forcing proponents to reconsider the long term implications of party attachment. In some ways the Michigan model and spatial model are opposite ends of the spectrum, with the Michigan model arguing voting is purely partisan and the spatial model arguing ...
The Journal of Economic Literature classification codes associate political economy with three sub-areas: (1) the role of government and/or class and power relationships in resource allocation for each type of economic system; [15] (2) international political economy, which studies the economic impacts of international relations; [16] and (3 ...
Veto Players: How Political Institutions Work [1] is a book written by political science professor George Tsebelis in 2002. It is a game theory analysis of political behavior. In this work Tsebelis uses the concept of the veto player as a tool for analysing the outcomes of political systems. His primary focus is on legislative behaviour and ...